Mohammad Jafar Soltani; Baharak Motamedvaziri; Ali Akbar, Noroozi; Hassan Ahmadi; Jamal, Mosaffaei
Abstract
One of the natural and common hazards in recent years is the phenomenon of dust, which causes damage, especially to urban and human environments, and is very difficult to control and manage. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic ...
Read More
One of the natural and common hazards in recent years is the phenomenon of dust, which causes damage, especially to urban and human environments, and is very difficult to control and manage. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions of origin and the areas affected by this phenomenon. In this research, which has been done in Hindijan City of Khuzestan Province, first, issues and problems have been identified based on library studies, questions from experts, referring to the research area. Then, the Driving force-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to analyze the most important factors that have caused the occurrence of dust in the city of Hindijan. The DPSIR framework is an analysis of the "cause-effect" relationship of factors for policy-making and management planning. In this study, the factors related to each of the components of the DPSIR framework were identified and prioritized using a questionnaire of experts with a Likert scale and based on nonparametric Friedman tests. Explain that, to complete the questionnaire of experts, experts from the Departments of Natural Resources, Environment, Regional Water and Agricultural Jihad of Khuzestan Province were surveyed. Results showed that population growth, agricultural development, livestock development, industrial development and climate change are important from maximum to minimum, respectively, the most important drivers affecting the occurrence of dust in the study area. Attention to both reactive and preventive responses has an important role in improving the situation and reducing the adverse effects of dust occurrence in the research area.
Gholamreza Chamanpira; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hassan Ahmadi; Arash Malekian
Abstract
Utilization of water resources, using a combination of simulation and optimization, are a useful and powerful set for specifying decision-making and management strategies. In this regard, MODFLOW mathematical model, as an efficient and cost-effective tool to evaluate different management options was ...
Read More
Utilization of water resources, using a combination of simulation and optimization, are a useful and powerful set for specifying decision-making and management strategies. In this regard, MODFLOW mathematical model, as an efficient and cost-effective tool to evaluate different management options was used. After providing a conceptual model of the aquifer, requirement data were defined in different versions of the V. MODFLOW (V. 5.33) software. Then, the model was calibrated by the manual method that has higher accuracy than software techniques and validation operations were also carried out. In the simulation process, with the goal of water resource management, the results of modeling and calibration model were used to optimize the groundwater table level. In this study, a linear programming model was used for optimizing the management. Lingo software was used to implement this model and achieve the optimal management. The information needed to solve the problem, was based on the output of a simulation model and optimization options. Due to linearity of objective function, a multi-objective linear programming model was selected to solve the problem. General multi-objective optimization problem with n decision variables, m constraints and p objectives is presented in optimizing relationships. The objectives of the optimization problem were maximizing the profits of agricultural products and minimizing the use of aquifer water. Results indicated that the amount of yield and water use were different before and after optimization. . The amount of annual water consumption before optimization was 92.22 million m3 while after optimization was 75.51 million m3. In other words, the rate of water consumption was reduced by 18 prevent. Results also showed that annual water consumption in agriculture was 31.79 million m3 that shows 65.5 percent reduction compared to the present situation. The amount of benefits before optimization was 47, 798 million Rials, while after optimization it was 63,689 million Rials. In other words, the amount of total profit increased by 33.25 percent. Based on the scenario of a national document (pure water requirement), total profits increased by 15 percent.
Gholamreza Chamanpira; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hasan Ahmadi; Arash Malekian
Abstract
Drought is the most hazardous natural phenomenon. Although not preventable, its negative effects can be reduced through taking some measures. One of the systems severely affected by drought while less considered is the groundwater. In this study, drought status and its impact on groundwater resources ...
Read More
Drought is the most hazardous natural phenomenon. Although not preventable, its negative effects can be reduced through taking some measures. One of the systems severely affected by drought while less considered is the groundwater. In this study, drought status and its impact on groundwater resources was investigated in Alashtar Plain using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at monthly, quarterly, and annual scales and the Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) during the statistical period of 1991-2010. After data collection, statistical errors were corrected by subtraction and ratios method. Then, to determine the status, SPI and GRI were calculated with DIP software on an annual, seasonal, and three, six, nine, 12, 18, 24, and 48-month time scales for Alashtar Plain. Then, according to SPI and GRI value, the moisture status were determined for each period. Results indicated that the trend of plain meteorological and groundwater drought is negative. Correlation between SPI at different time scales with and without the time delay and with average groundwater level and GRI was analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that SPI was significant at the level of 0.01, in the 24-month time scale without any time delay with mean groundwater level and GRI and had the highest correlation coefficient, suggesting the impact of drought on Alashtar plain groundwater. Regression relation between the mean level of the water table and SPI_24 showed that 64.4% of the variance at the mean level of water table was affected by SPI_24 and 35.6% was affected by other factors. Drought magnitude (DM) analysis showed that meteorological and groundwater droughts are consistent with winter and autumn, respectively. Undoubtedly, optimized utilization management, especially in spring and summer, may have a critical impact on preventing damages to the groundwater resources of the region.
Maryam Pournader; Hassan Ahmadi; Jamal Ghoddosi; Mohammad Reza Jafari
Abstract
According to abundant damages and the extension of mass sliding in the country, its zonation mapping and investigating effective factors on its occurrence is necessary for preventing and control. Therefore, a research has been conducted in the Ilam dam watershed to create geologic, physiographic, Land ...
Read More
According to abundant damages and the extension of mass sliding in the country, its zonation mapping and investigating effective factors on its occurrence is necessary for preventing and control. Therefore, a research has been conducted in the Ilam dam watershed to create geologic, physiographic, Land use, vegetation cover, soil erosion, climatologic, pedologic and geomorphologic maps, using earth data layers, topographic maps, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and field surveys. The methodology of this research has been accomplished base on distinction of geomorphologic units while using aerial photos and crossing basis maps. Then, the effective factors on mass movement occurrence were investigated using logistic regression equations. So that, the factors such as slope, geological formation, pedologic, climatic, etc. were considered as independent variables and the frequency of mass movement occurrence was considered as dependent variable. Results demonstrated that factors such as slope, geological formation, the kind and the amount of soil minerals, and land use are the most effective factors on frequency of land sliding in the watershed.
Hossein Saadati; Foroud Sharifi; Mohammad Mahdavi; Hassan Ahmadi; Mohsen Mohseni Saravi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 56-64
Abstract
In this study, rainfall, runoff, groundwater and unsaturated water tracers sample were measured and analyzed. The average historical recharge through rainfall was calculated by interpreting of unsaturated water tracer in Hasthgerd plain. Four index profiles in Nazarabad, Jafarabad, Ghalechendar and Savojbolaq ...
Read More
In this study, rainfall, runoff, groundwater and unsaturated water tracers sample were measured and analyzed. The average historical recharge through rainfall was calculated by interpreting of unsaturated water tracer in Hasthgerd plain. Four index profiles in Nazarabad, Jafarabad, Ghalechendar and Savojbolaq were dug for measuring of unsaturated water tracer concentration. Chloride concentrations in profiles soil samples were measured and interpreted to provide temporal estimates of recharge. Applying the chloride mass balance technique to the profiles soil water improved the boundary conditions associated with wet and dry climate in last times and the long-term mean recharge rate. Recharge rate means were estimated in profiles equal to 3.42, 3.53 6.42 and 7.44 (mm/yr) with rainfall chloride concentration average that was measured equal to 1.653 mm in Hashtgerd Plain. It was concluded that concentrated recharge (CR) supplies groundwater rapidly and significant more than diffused recharge (DR) by rainfall. Concentrated recharge is fulfilled by watershed grand works such as flood spreading structural measures.
Mohammad Hemmati; Davood Nikkami; Hassan Ahmadi; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 1, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 21-31
Abstract
Soil is one of the four elements of life and one of the most important agricultural and rangeland production factors. Soil erosion has impact on fertility of upstream lands and indirectly causes downstream damages. On a global scale, more than 50% of rangelands and about 80% of farmlands are significantly ...
Read More
Soil is one of the four elements of life and one of the most important agricultural and rangeland production factors. Soil erosion has impact on fertility of upstream lands and indirectly causes downstream damages. On a global scale, more than 50% of rangelands and about 80% of farmlands are significantly suffering from soil erosion and sedimentation phenomenon. Despite of agricultural benefits of rainwater, its erosive energy in the primary stages, detaches soil particles and creates surface runoff which has the most severe impacts on soil erosion. The effective energy in this shape of erosion is called rainfall erosivity, which is rainfall erosion potential and depends on rainfall physical characteristics. Some different indices are developed for quantification of rainfall erosivity. Some indices emphasise on the amount of rainfall or rain intensity. Worldwide investigations show that applying a certain index, like EI60 in USLE equation has not sufficient credit and according to climatic condition the best rainfall erosivity index should be determined. In this research, after establishing 21 erosion plots in Kaboudeh Oliya village, Kermanshah city, on two land use types of dry farming of 6, 12, 16 and 17 percent slopes and rangelands on 25, 35 and 45 percent slopes with three repetitions, 15 rainfall events which produced surface runoff were monitored by a recording rain gauge and the amount of surface runoff and sediment were measured. According to the literature, 45 rainfall erosivity indices were chosen to be compared. For facilitating and increasing accuracy of calculations on rainfall erosivity indices, a computer program was developed to analyze and extract necessary factors from each storm. The result showed that in the study area, EI60 is the best rainfall erosivity index and has maximum correlation coefficient of 0.721 with soil loss.
Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour; Majid Soufi; Hassan Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 46-52
Abstract
Fars province has experienced gully erosion in six climate zones based on deMartonne classification method. After selecting one region from each climate zone, 15 active and representative gullies were investigated using morphometric characteristics and watershed area, slope gradient above gully heads, ...
Read More
Fars province has experienced gully erosion in six climate zones based on deMartonne classification method. After selecting one region from each climate zone, 15 active and representative gullies were investigated using morphometric characteristics and watershed area, slope gradient above gully heads, linear advancement, form factor, particle size analysis, vegetation cover, gravel content and bare grounds were measured and sediment production was calculated. Effective factors on sediment production due to gully erosion were determined using Stepwise method provided in the SPSS software package. The results of this research revealed that four factors including slope gradient, maximum 24 hours rainfall, sand, and form factor had significant impact on sediment production with 99 percent of confidence. Slope gradient above the gully head was the most important factor on the sediment production. Slope gradient and form factor had positive relationship and maximum 24 hours rainfall and sand had negative relationship with gully development. The most important impact of slope gradient on the sediment production implies the velocity of surface runoff concentrated above gully heads. Alternative controls to decrease slope gradient would be effective on the reduction of gully development and sediment production.
